Reference 1
Non-control data attacks: DOP.
Lexical scope for every variable in C/C++: Statically checked at compile time but can be violated at runtime, leveraged by DOP.
Solution:
Run-time Scope Enforcement (RSE):
    If you could revise 
    
 the fundmental principles of  
    
 computer system design
    
 to improve security... 
    
    
 ... what would you change?